Wednesday, August 19, 2009

Retrofitting Buildings will Create Green Jobs

From: The Green Economy Post August 18, 2009

Retrofitting 50 million buildings in the US, about 40 percent of the building stock, by 2020 to make them energy efficient would create 625,000 jobs Read more at The Green Economy Post http://greeneconomypost.com/retrofitting-buildings-create-green-jobs-3820.htm

After reading the article noted above, I posted a response, the body of which is printed below. I feel that the article (and the response) are both worth reading, primarily because they speak to a much larger issue: what we can, and should be doing about the environment and our place in it. Please follow the link above and then read my response. As always, your comments are welcome.



Let's do it! It sounds like a terrific idea to me, but before we get started, we need to take a little bit closer look at the figures. According to Mr. Podesta, it will cost an average of $10K to do a "deep retrofit" on these 50 million existing buildings for a total of a $500 billion (with a "B") price tag. As one who has been in the sustainable building industry for almost 40 years, I think he may be a little light in his figuring, at the very least by a factor of 5.

If we were to anticipate an average cost of $50K per retrofit (a number I think is extremely conservative considering permit fees, architectural and engineering fees, the continually increasing cost of labor and material, etc.), the price tag jumps to $2.5 trillion (with a "T"). While the state of our economy has us using the "T" word more often, it should be fully understood that this is still a staggering sum. The only reason our government can use it so freely is that they are able to borrow great sums of money and when that's not enough, they can print more.

Don't get me wrong: nothing would please me more than to see 50 million old and outdated buildings get the 'deep retrofit' Mr. Podesta envisions. But the pragmatic side of me doesn't see this happening, at least not in the 11-year time frame Mr. Podesta suggests. Here's why:

First, financial institutions aren't lending. To anyone. For any reason. While Mr. Podesta thinks that some sort of government intervention might do the trick, he's missing the point. Lending institutions are now following new federal guidelines regarding the amount of money they need to have on hand compared to the amount of money they can lend. They are under greater federal scrutiny due to the recent loss of confidence we have with banking institutions and their most recent exhibition of common sense being overruled by an inordinate amount of greed. As a result, unless those banking rules change, lending will probably remain as it is for the foreseeable future. No money, no building. Ask any of the owners of the dozens of abandoned projects across the country.

Second, even though it makes sound financial sense for a company to invest in retrofits to their buildings, one needs to remember that the majority of these 50 million buildings are owned by holding companies and REIT's, not the companies that occupy them. No matter what their cash position, most of these holding companies do not have enough money to rehabilitate their portfolios without some sort of financing (see #1 above) or government aid. Tax credits and incentives, as they are now, won’t be enough motivation. Nor will ROI. It’s a simple matter of cash flow, and cash reserves in a down economy. It’s also a matter of keeping investors and stockholders happy.

Finally, renovating 50 million buildings in 11 years requires a completion rate of about 4.5 million buildings a year. Considering that reasonably large occupied buildings generally take a minimum of 9 months to rehab, one can begin to appreciate how Herculean an undertaking like this would be, especially since skilled labor in the construction trades is at an all-time low. This endeavor would be exponentially more ambitious than John Kennedy’s commitment to put a man on the Moon before the end of the decade.

If Mr. Podesta has an Ace up his sleeve, I’d love to see it. I would also give my eyeteeth to be a part of an undertaking as monumental as this, no matter how small a part I would play. Unfortunately, what we don’t see in this article are any practical measures whereby we could even begin to reasonably discuss the logistics of such a venture. It’s a wonderful and extremely necessary dream, but a dream nonetheless. I would much rather see the time and money spent on this research put into a realistic effort that has a chance to bear much needed fruit.

Respectfully submitted,

Tom Coalson

Saturday, August 15, 2009

A CLOSER LOOK AT THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY’S POSITION ON SUSTAINABILITY

In the August 14th edition of the AGC (Associated General Contractors) SmartBrief, the results of a recent poll were published. For my part, those results were unexpected, enlightening and sad, all at the same time. The question originally posed was:
"What attention do you pay to improving the environment or reducing the carbon footprint in your contracting projects?"
While the number of respondents wasn’t listed, the breakdown of the poll went like this:

  • I consider sustainability, but I’ve also got to look out for costs: 39.09%
  • Sustainability is overrated: 35.03%
  • Sustainability is a critical consideration in all projects I work on: 25.89%

I am what I would term a realistic environmentalist, one who has been practicing sustainable building practices on large residential and commercial projects for almost four decades. I have endured the relentlessly and painfully slow pace by which we, as a nation, have come to this point in history. From that experience, I can understand the continued reluctance to engage green building practices by many contractors who can’t find enough work to keep their employees busy in this dreadful economy. Although many of us in the industry are fully aware that to build sustainably doesn’t need to cost any more than to build conventionally, and in some cases can actually be more economical in both the short and long term, there is a lingering and persistent idea out there that “green” is more expensive. To say more and try to argue the point here would only serve to bolster the opinions of some while not adding anything substantive to the discussion for others. The point here is that the perception (erroneous though it is) that sustainable construction costs more still persists despite all the very public evidence to the contrary. It clearly demonstrates the necessity for further educating the building community. Those that responded that they do consider sustainability but have to watch the costs indicate that those of us who know better have clearly not done a good enough job in making the facts accessible.

What I truly can’t understand is the very large response from those that actually still believe that “sustainability is overrated.” This is very much like insisting that the world is flat, despite all evidence to the contrary. I strongly suspect that no amount of education would be persuasive enough to sway this group. I can only think that the 35% who responded in this fashion are either hopelessly out of touch with reality, or are so profit-driven that they do not care (or consider) the long term consequences of their actions. I suppose that a third possibility also exists, but to voice it would be impolitic, impolite and futile.

Unfortunately for them, fortunately for the rest of us, those who have responded in this manner have fairly well taken themselves out of competition for any projects of reasonable size or merit. 34 states have legislated sustainable building practices in one form or another and the Federal government has tied TARP money tax incentives, credits and the like to the statewide adoption of sustainable energy policies. A builder or contractor ignores sustainability at his or her own peril. Whether or not one believes sustainability is overrated is immaterial. This country is now operating on the basis that sustainability is a major component to our future survivability, therefore it is here to stay. A builder that doesn’t understand this will not be in business much longer.

As for the final group, I hope those that responded this way are actually living up to that statement. From those of us who have fought this battle long and hard, we are very aware that it is much easier to say than to do. There are still a whole host of forces arrayed against those who would work toward a better, sustainable future. Human beings have an incredible resistance to change, although change, along with death and taxes, is inevitable. For those who selected this box, my thanks and support goes out to each of you. It wasn’t so long ago that I can remember when a question like this wouldn’t have been asked, let alone thought of. The responses noted above should give us all pause for thought.

We invite your comments and ideas no matter what your opinion, as long as your comments are polite and tactful. We reserve the right to withdraw your comments if they are unseemly, profane or discourteous.

Thank you,

Tom Coalson

Friday, August 14, 2009

"GREEN" SUSTAINABLE BUILDING and MORE!

The most widely accepted definitions of green usually include a concept known as the “Triple Bottom Line” (abbreviated as "TBL" or "3BL", and also known as "People, Planet and Profit"). Quite simply put, TBL is a balance between the needs and well-being of people, the benefits of environmental sustainability for the planet and the corporate necessity for profit, which is the sustenance that keeps the western world’s economy healthy. Used as one method of assessing corporate performance, the TBL goal is to measure not only profits but environmental sustainability and social responsibility as well.


Another definition, that of “sustainable development,” is also generally incorporated into most descriptions of sustainable building. This definition is much broader and thus far easier to manipulate. The 1987 United Nations’ Brundtland report defines ‘sustainable development’ as that which “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” It is indeed a noble sentiment, but one which lacks the specifity necessary by which we can measure any green standard to judge compliance.


If there is one definition that seems to rise above the others, it is this from the Whole Building Design Guide Committee of the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS):
“While the definition of what constitutes sustainable building design is constantly changing, there are six fundamental principles that nearly everyone agrees on:
  • Optimize Site Potential
    Creating sustainable buildings starts with proper site selection, including consideration of the reuse or rehabilitation of existing buildings. The location, orientation, and landscaping of a building affect the local ecosystems, transportation methods, and energy use. Incorporate Smart growth principles in the project development process, whether it be a single building, campus or military base. Siting for physical security has become a critical issue in optimizing site design. The location of access roads, parking, vehicle barriers, and perimeter lighting must be integrated into the design along with sustainable site considerations. Site design for security cannot be an afterthought. Along with site design for sustainability, it must be addressed in the preliminary design phase to achieve a successful project.
  • Optimize Energy Use
    With America's supply of fossil fuel dwindling, concerns for energy security increasing, and the impact of greenhouse gases on world climate rising, it is essential to find ways to reduce load, increase efficiency, and utilize renewable energy resources in federal facilities.
  • Protect and Conserve Water
    In many parts of the country, fresh water is an increasingly scarce resource. A sustainable building should reduce, control, or treat site-runoff, use water efficiently, and reuse or recycle water for on-site use when feasible.
  • Use Environmentally Preferable Products
    A sustainable building should be constructed of materials that minimize life-cycle environmental impacts such as global warming, resource depletion, and human toxicity. These environmentally preferable materials are defined by Executive Order 13423 to be "products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose." As such, they contribute to improved worker safety and health, reduced liabilities, reduced disposal costs, and achievement of environmental goals.
  • Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
    The indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of a building has a significant impact on occupant health, comfort, and productivity. Among other attributes, a sustainable building should maximize daylighting; have appropriate ventilation and moisture control; and avoid the use of materials with high-VOC emissions. Additional consideration must now be given to ventilation and filtration to mitigate chemical, biological, and radiological attack.
  • Optimize Operational and Maintenance Practices
    Incorporating operating and maintenance considerations into the design of a facility will greatly contribute to improved working environments, higher productivity, and reduced energy and resource costs. Designers are encouraged to specify materials and systems that simplify and reduce maintenance requirements; require less water, energy, and toxic chemicals and cleaners to maintain; and are cost-effective and reduce life-cycle costs.”


If we compare this definition to that of the USGBC or the EPA’s Energy Star program, we will see a major difference. The USGBC’s guiding principles support the TBL, but when it comes to a definition of sustainability, a search of their website and reference materials yields no more than goals. As an example:
  • Core Purpose
    The U.S. Green Building Council's core purpose is to transform the way buildings and communities are designed, built and operated, enabling an environmentally and socially responsible, healthy, and prosperous environment that improves the quality of life.
  • The EPA’s Energy Star “definition” is a bit more direct, but still not as complete as that of NIBS and, once again, is more a statement of goals than a definition:
    Energy Star is designed to overcome many of the market barriers to the adoption of cost-effective energy efficiency products and services in a sustained manner and to help unleash the attendant savings for individuals and organizations.

  • Residential Energy Efficiency
    The residential sector offers sizable opportunities for protecting the environment through energy efficiency. Consisting of more than 100 million households, this sector contributes about 17 percent of the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions (see Figure 2) and offers potential energy savings in the range of 25 to 30 percent compared with current consumption.

  • Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency
    Increasing energy efficiency in the commercial and industrial sectors also offers sizable opportunities for cost savings while avoiding emissions of greenhouse gases. These sectors contribute about 37 percent of the nation’s greenhouse gases, with buildings alone contributing 15 percent.
    As a result, these “definitions,” and numerous others like them from different organizations, don’t seem to provide the unified clarity we’re seeking. Until a truly adequate definition comes along, I suggest that those of use in the building industry adopt NIBS six core principles as our guide towards a truly sustainable future.